Men and women are treated equally under the law , but isn’t it always the men who are at the receving and regarding rights and previleges ?similar is the case in sports . how much we term ourselves as the supreme creation, as the most intelligent being , we always end up our narrow mindedness questioning a women’s ability based on her gender.

Women’s physical strength has always been considered inferior to men .although step are being taken to reduce this gender gap. There lie a lot of social barriers that being a female one has to overcome

The root cause started from our families gender discrimination being at home initiated by parent’s unwillingness to let their girl child participation in sports . there exists a line of difference in the upbringing of girl child and a boy child.

We are taught that girls are not supposed to play in the fields: in the open, girls are delicate, vulnerable , and might get hurt. Be it kabaddi< weightlifting or wrestling , it’s the boys sports . the gift boxes containing racing cars , football or cricket bat are solely for our brothers

 Overall, girls receive less encouragement from family members and teachers to be physically active and participate in sports. As a result, girls ages 8 to 12 are 19 percent less activeTrusted Source than boys, according to a  study.

Researchers also found that girls take almost 2,000 fewer steps a day on average than their male counterparts, and this disparity does have health consequences.

The study showed that girls have 18 percent lower cardio-respiratory fitness, 44 percent lower eye-hand coordination, a 9 percent lower perceived aptitude in physical activity, and 5 percent more body fat.

These findings led researchers to conclude that the physical education of girls was detrimentally impacted “by socioecological factors at the individual, family, school, and environmental levels.”

However, they also offered a ray of hope, proposing, “These factors are potentially modifiable, suggesting the gap in [physical activity] between boys and girls can be reduced.”

Also, sports news and sports channels are mainly watched by the male members of the family because that’s what we grow up listening to, “sports is a field of male activity and interest”. Even one glance at our educational institutes would give us a similar picture. In most schools, sports isn’t a part of the curriculum. Our report cards are what matters. Sports should be made an integral part of the curriculum.

Sports aren’t what we observe as a day once a year, but they should be done dedicatedly and passionately. Even the schools that have sports teams for several games mainly constitute boy’s team. A handful of schools have separate boys and girls team.

Gender isn’t to be blamed; society should be questioned. Why are we taught outdoors sports are not for girls? And when one tries to break away from these traditions, she becomes unacceptable to the society till she achieves something because she is questioned who will marry you with such a physique once you start with sports! Winning in sports for women is an achievement and a step forward to combat society’s stereotypical thoughts. Women are objectified and commented at, leading to further male dominance in the sports industry. The biggest struggle for female athletes is the inequality of pay. The Global Sports Salaries Survey 2017 identifies that the gender pay gap issue in sports is more than in any other professional fields.

Even attaining the first rank in the women’s final, they are not given equal payment, which their male counterparts receive. This is an example of peoples’ sheer disbelief that female athletes can perform with all their might and reach the audience’s expectations.

Still, no one wants to invest or sponsor a women’s team or a women’s league because they might never reach the popularity which a men’s team does. The Forbes 2018 Highest Paid Athletes report does not mention a single sportswoman within its top hundred.

The fan following for men’s sport is beyond imagination, epitomizing sports as a male’s activity. Hence money generation, including merchandising, ticket sales, advertisers etc., are inclined to the male sports category. It is considered “less manly” when the same is done for the women.

BCCI’s 2018 contracts clearly show the pay gap difference, where an A-grade women cricketer received fifty lakhs, which is half the amount received by a C-grade men cricketer, whose earning is one crore. The worst-hit sport in case of the pay gap is football, though even hockey being India’s national sport experiences a severe wage gap ratio.

Questions can arise on women’s physical capabilities, but sports as a discipline is a matter of daily exercise and practice with focus and determination. Research says women’s bodies have better flexibility and balance, thereby providing them with greater endurance. This gender ideology prevents women from getting the financial support and resources for their participation in sports.

There also exists a lack of media coverage on women’s sports. Also, women’s sports do not receive the same viewership ratings as men’s sports. Neither there is equal investment in sports brands for men and women. UNESCO reports say keeping aside the major festivals, women sports receive only 4% of all media coverage. Similar is the case with crowd turnouts.

However, over thirty-five years of research on gender and sports, scholars believe that there have been significant changes in the sports industry in order to resist and reduce the male-female controversies. Several Olympic Movement stakeholders have also tried hard in implementing rules and regulations for the same around the world

By Harshita Panchal and Tanmay Jain

Love as we know it, is amazing. When you see someone who is subtly sweet, you may fall in love or even get weak in the knees. Unwanted approaches, on the other hand, are commonly misinterpreted as All is fair in love and war,” has no place in this context. Certain actions, gestures of affection in such instances. The common adage, ” such as stalking, eavesdropping, and refusing to accept a firm “no” in response to approaches, are completely unacceptable since they invade into people’s personal spaces, making them feel uncomfortable and violated.

There’s a classic romcom staple saying that if a boy likes a girl but the girl doesn’t like him back, he will then spend the majority of the film attempting to persuade the girl to give him a chance. Whether it’s regularly asking her out, giving her unwanted gifts, or even infiltrating her house. But no matter what our “hero” will go to tremendous measures to earn her love. And eventually the girl will fall in love with him too and here we have the short narration for the script that most of the Bollywood movies have normalized it.

Stalking is one of the most prevalent types of harassment and it has been often portrayed in a good way by Bollywood. Several films from the early 1990s and early 2000s were based on true incidents of obsessive stalking that were depicted as uplifting deeds to win over a romantic interest.

Bollywood has a tumultuous connection with the public; most people are enthralled and inspired by it, while some argue that it is a platform for sexism, racism, and other types of oppression. Popular Bollywood films have been reported to have affected the youth’s public behavior, sense of clothes and style, attitudes, personality development, and how they perceive themselves as romantic and loving in many situations. Bollywood sometime shows a terrible attitude towards women, for example, “Tu ladki ke peeche bhaagega, ladki paise ke peeche bhaagegi.” “Tu paise ke peeche bhaagega, ladki tere peeche bhaagegi,” these lines were said by a Bollywood star named Salman Khan in his movie ‘Wanted’.

Many people were inspired by such Bollywood scenes and felt that this was the proper conduct. Bollywood found it easier to harp people’s emotions and passion in order just to generate wealth. Several films were made around this time that glorified stalking and making inappropriate gestures.

With the concept of harassment so deeply embedded in our culture, its’ time to reconsider such movies and assess how much of the entertaining or even “sweet” wooing sequences truly lie in between sexual harassment and true wooing. Below are the few movies that normalized harassment by calling it LOVE:

1. DILWALE DULHANIYA LE JAYENGE

DESCRIPTION: This is a well-known scene from a well-known film. However, it demonstrates the casualness with which sexual harassment is treated in many films. When Raj approaches Simran despite her clear lack of interest and afterwards how uncomfortable she is, he and many audience members think it’s a humorous comedy.

CRITICISM: Actually, this is a type of harassment. No matter what Bollywood says, if someone is plainly not receptive to or interested in being approached, then the repeated approach—whether romantic or sexual—is a kind of harassment. Even today, movies depict circumstances in which a boy invades a girl’s personal space, whether it’s to offer her unwanted hugs or advise, or even to kiss her to silence her when she’s unhappy. These all constitute instances of harassment, especially if the female has not consented to such acts or given the man permission to touch her in any manner shape or form.

2. MAIN TERA HERO

DISCRIPTION: In this film, the male follows her about with his solicitations, even to her home. She gives every indication that she is uninterested and unwilling to engage with him. When he comes up at her house late at night, uninvited, he exhibits all of the behaviors that would be considered stalking.

CRITICISM: The fact that the entire ‘wooing’ song Palat is centered on capturing her attention via making sexually colored remarks is why this specific portion comes under sexual harassment. Also forcibly invading into someone’s private space, clearly brings a wrong message.

3. TERE NAAM:

DESCRIPTION: Radhe bhaiya is the obsessive lover we wouldn’t want in our life from Tere Naam. To convey his passion, Radhe pursues Nirjara (Bhumika Chawla) through the streets, kidnaps her, and threatens her.

CRITICISM: Guess what happens when he kidnaps her to express his feelings for her? The girl recognizes his generosity and falls in love with him. Not only that, but she also expresses grief to him. What kind of world do we live in? The film neatly associates love with stalking in order to assert that males are superior and women finally cave in.

4. MAI HOON NA

DESCRIPTION: While there is nothing overtly sexual about this scene, it is still a kind of harassment when a non-consenting person is continually placed in an uncomfortable situation. Sexual harassment includes acts such as flirting and even humiliating someone because of their physical attractiveness.

CRITCISM: Consent is the essential word here. Ms. Chandini (Sushmita Sen) had not given her approval for the song, and she expressly refuses the assent when she asks Ram (SRK) to cease singing it. The song still prolonged which is essentially sexual harassment.

This is not to say that a friend teasing someone else because of their appearance is sexual harassment. To be more specific, sexual harassment is described as “unwelcome sexual approaches, demands for special gratification, and other sexually motivated verbal or physical conduct.”

CONCLUSION:

Bollywood, as one of the nation’s biggest film-making industries, is    notorious for being unconcerned with sexual assault. Call it irony, but their industry, like their films, has struggled to adhere with sexual harassment laws. It’s more normal than we realize to cast a couch on several layers. These activities are popular in real life and are hailed as manifestations of true love. Actors in Bollywood often use their popularity to demonstrate their social contribution in a variety of ways. Perhaps it is time for them to use their authority to criticize and fail to act in positions that depict love as a pathology. Since certain actors are either creators or filmmakers, this isn’t a difficult task. While Bollywood is not the root of stalking, but when movies portray stalking as love, stalking becomes flattering and, inevitably, socially acceptable in the society.

BY- Angela Fernandes and Manav Chauhan

By Aanchal Choudhary & Prithviraj Pillai

Stand-up comedy is a comic style in which a comedian performs in front of a live audience, usually speaking directly to them. In stand-up comedy the comedian usually recites a fast-paced succession of humorous stories, short jokes called “bits”, and one-liners, which constitute what is typically called a monologue, routine or act. Some stand-up comedians use props, music or magic tricks to enhance their acts. Stand-up comedy is often performed in comedy clubs, bars, colleges, and theaters.

Today, everyone is fascinated by stand-up comedy and spend most of their time watching it. But it is important for the youngsters and teenagers to understand it’s impact broadly. Nowadays, it has just become a form of entertainment for people.

Over the past few years, the growth of stand-up comedy in India has been phenomenal. From having a limited comedy scene in the reality shows on television that showed the same stream of jokes, India now has an evolving comedy scene that comprises an entire industry. People are now getting far more serious about it, especially now that they are realising there is money and fame in comedy. They are also getting opportunities to become YouTube stars and movie actors through it and all of this has impacted the way that this landscape has evolved. An important aspect of this trend is that people have started taking comedians very seriously. Comedy is the new wave of entertainment and everyone wants to ride on this wave.

Comedy has always existed, but in recent times it has become a more influential source of information and commentary. People like Raju Srivastava and Johnny Lever have always been involved in it. What has changed is that it has evolved more as a whole industry and also provides more platforms to access it. A major aspect of stand-up comedy has blown out over the past few years is the evolution of Facebook and YouTube platforms that allowed it to grow and expand much faster. Social media has allowed the new generation to easily access these comedians while simultaneously providing these comedians with a platform through which they can easily reach their target audience. The blowout of this genre also resulted in the industry evolving a lot in several different directions. Big cities started having open mic events and stand-up comedy clubs have popped up across the nation. All these factors combined have led stand-up comedy to become an indispensable aspect of entertainment.

With the evolution of stand-up comedy, now a large number of issues are addressed by them that are an integral part of the lives of youth. They manage to grip the attention of the audience and provide a new perspective on the issues that wouldn’t otherwise engage people easily. Besides, it is also creating discrimination between male and female and can also influence people to form wrong perspective about the other gender. 

When someone asks you to name a few stand-up comedians, your list will only consist of the names of male comedians. Hardly there will be two or three females to name. Don’t you think the industry itself is becoming male dominating? As the vast majority of stand‐up comedians are men. It is assumed by society that for females being a stand-up comedian is against the moral ethics and values of the society. Also, females are perceived to be incompatible with comedy and humor. Here is an infamous panel discussion, held by Film Companion in 2017, the panel meant to discuss sexism in the comedy industry. Unfortunately, it went disastrously wrong before it could even begin. Out of the six people present, Aditi Mittal was the only female comedian.

Everything is ‘naturally’ divided on the basis of gender, so comedy must be as well. Isn’t that quite obvious? Sex and gender must be factored into every domain of life and questions wondering ‘Why women can’t?’. This sentiment seems to be a popular ‘unpopular opinion’ among groups of both the genders who say it in a matter of fact tone. Reasons here given are that female comedians only talk about humour on vaginas, periods and bras not being relatable enough. Most of the time they focus on the conservative thinking, restrictions on them and rapes. I don’t understand where the problem arises. Why can’t you take it as a matter of fact that they are contemplating the problems and issues faced by them in society. They might be telling this humorously to want you people to understand what they go through. When the male comedians humorously tell you about their experiences, that makes you laugh, making it relatable.

Stand-up comedy has become the go-to form of entertainment for the urban youth. They are willing to shell out a decent amount of money to watch their favourite comedians on the stage. The important thing here to notice is that still the audience in a male comedians’ show is far more than a female. This eventually results in the more money paid to male comedians as compared to the females. 

It is said that women aren’t funny and humorous, but on what basis. Isn’t it the lack of opportunities, not the lack of talent. Whenever they get the chance,  they are often trolled online, left out of line ups because of their gender, unfairly generalised, sexually objectified, etc. Comedian Supriya Joshi was fat-shamed online and tagged in derogatory memes. Aditi Mittal was told that she must regulate how she looks on stage.

The dilemma of the female comedian isn’t solved by asking why they are not funny. It is solved by investigating why you feel the need to ask that question in the first place. Is it because you’ve never encountered a funny female comedian as opposed to a male comedian? It is possible that you haven’t – given that female comedians are a much smaller lot (this is fortunately getting remedied these days) as compared to the men.  

After creating so much of differences between both the genders we can’t expect them to praise each other. Where the men try to put the patriarchal thoughts in his stand-up comedy, the females try to highlight the carelessness of men. Both the genders never leave a chance to mock each other. They just focus on humiliating each other in every aspect. The portrayal of both the genders this way is influencing the youngsters in a wrong manner.

It is preposterous that society feels the need to demarcate something as inconsequential as the ability to make people laugh along gendered lines. It is routine to be funny. It is a part of life to be funny. Why is there a need to, with ignorance and without reason, rapidly place ‘funny’ on a pedestal only available to men? Why is there a need to gender even this? Really, how much divide can be forcefully formulated into existence?

Sources: feminisminindia.com

Images: Google

As we know, majority only talks about inequality happens with women but there are lot of places where men are also been targeted. SOCIAL MEDIA is the place where men are didn’t receive any equality. If something happens with women everybody raises their voice but if something happens with men no one give shit about that. Injustice happens with men.

This video is from state of uttarakhand, where a boy is lynched, because of fake claim of molestation by a girl.The girl called that boy to come to meet her, the guy came from Jaipur to uttarakhand to meet her, but when a villager saw both of them together, he asked the girl, what is happening here, and the girl replied he was molesting me, that villagers, brought some other villages, and A group of 7-8 village people, lynched him, and his friend. Who he brought with him from Jaipur, and the main Guy, bhuvan who actually came to meet girl, after her invitation, died yesterday in a hospital .Bhuvan begged for his life but these vultures of the society didn’t listen him once.

We live in a society where men’s are guilty until proven innocent.

1. There are some women who used to point out a reputed family they used to marry with the boy of that family, living for some time they used demand for money after satisfying that demand, they used to do more and more demands and after one point that family will deny to fulfill that demand so the girl used to pressurize them for money and threaten that if they will not satisfy the demand so she will accuse them for dowry, rape by father in law or any other man of the family, physical violence. Whenever business partners or somewhere else family has problems or issues so they can use this strategy to get back a revenge in order to  spoil a reputation, image, peace, money and happiness.
2. There are also some females, who used to accuse allegation just because they are not having luxuries life and her husband is failing in filling her luxuries demand so wife used to threaten his husband if he will not fulfill her luxuries demand so she will surely accuse allegations.  As we can see in this example where a wife doing blackmail for only branded perfume. There are some people, who gives more importance to money and luxurious life rather than family.

       To stop gender discriminations there are some activist, who has done so many campaign to stop atrocities on men when the #metoo movement was very famous this activist has also started #mentoo and #himtoo movement to raise the problems men as well but it was not get as popular as #metoo because in the society there is a myth that always man will be victim and woman always considered as a innocent helpless. It was nice to see that a woman activist named Pooja Bedi has started this movement to support Karan Oberoi.

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/amit-deshpande-gender-equality-activist-we-need-a-movement-like-mentoo-because-crime-has-no-gender/articleshow/69356793.cms

There are also some lawyers who says that the law of dowry should give some concessions to men just to put their point and for bail as well. Whenever they fight for this kind of cases so only favoring woman witnesses are heard. Laws should not be only lean in side of females but it should gender neutral.

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-38647822

After this all, we cannot say that every girls accuses are wrong or false but the point is male should also have some space to put his argument and there should be gender neutral laws it should not focus on any particular one gender. Court should not give judgments favoring only women because court cannot assume every man as a victim necessarily.

Because of these laws, men are tend to live in a fear of women because of this laws, if any girl accuse for sexual harassment or misbehave has been done with by the man, so no one will try to hear the truth and everyone will watch as guilty even if being innocent.

It also affect to women who are not guilty and actually have faced problems.

There are so many laws has been made for woman’s right but is there any law who also gives chances to protect men’s side?

By Kalyani Ingole, Pranami S Chauhan and Meet Rao

Name:-Dhruv Panikar

For now, let’s assume there exists a 17-year-old boy named Rahul, when he picks up his phone there is no one for him to call when he boots up his Instagram, there is no one for him to text, his DM’s always stay empty (unless he texts first of course).

Whenever he opens his phone and access any form of media, he is bombarded with reasons like, why the men are so cruel and when he opens his Instagram, he finds random people comparing his gender (and by extension him) with a chicken nugget covered in solid excrement. Imagine how must he be feeling? He has no one to express his feelings to, he never feels wanted, because no one made him feel wanted by the way the media portray his gender. He even feels sorry to be a male.

For a moment let’s imagine that Rahul does not exist, for a moment let’s imagine that Rahul is you. How will you feel? How will you feel when between the slogans of “you can cry!” People forgot to ask what is making you cry? Think about what you felt while imagining all of this, that’s exactly what millions upon millions of Indian men feel on a day-to-day basis. They feel as if they are the abandoned ones because of the wrapped view which the media created of men due to which men are forced into isolation.

One of the worst forms of torture that a person can endure is solitary confinement. Being closed in a small room with only four walls around you and no sky above is one of the worst feelings that a person can experience.

This is how a large number of Indian men feel, but the only difference is that they see the open world as a form of solitary confinement, the sky doesn’t feel like a sky to them, it feels like a prison where they are alone with no one to listen to them or help.

The dangers of a lopsided narrative

On one hand There is no doubt that the majority of the violent perpetrators of all abhorrent violent crimes are men.

On the other hand he most likely person to intervene when witnessing a crime and the least likely to get help when they become a victim of a crime is a man.

As the No.1 bestseller Sebestian Junger explains,” Humans are so extremely wired to help one another and enjoy such enormous social benefits that from doing so, that people regularly risk their lives for complete strangers that risk-taking tends to express itself in very different ways in men and in women. Men perform the vast majority of bystander rescues and children; the elderly and women are the most common recipients of them.

Children are helped regardless of their gender as are the elderly.

Women of reproductive age are twice as likely to be helped by a stranger than men are.

Men all over the world  have to wait on average, until age seventy-five, before they can expect the same kind of assistance in a life threatening situation that women get their whole life”(this is taken from the book Tribe: on homecoming, and belonging for further detail click here)

Despite majority of rescue done by men this is only a half part of the story When a crime occurs, news will use gender specific words like, “man”.

And even though the majority of those who intervene during a crime are men, at that time too these news of rescue  shares gender neutral terms like ,”people”, “good Samaritans”  are used in overwhelming amounts.

Isn’t it obvious that men will develop such a skewed reputation in the world if only their vile deeds are shown and their good deeds are downplayed. If we are only seeing men’s bad side why will people not want to,” kill all men”? Why are we telling only half of the story?

This skewed presentation of men leads to the stereotype of,” every man being potentially extremely dangerous” due to this narrative, which is formed thanks to highlighting the violence done by men and downplaying the good act done by men, Men are bombarded with media content which makes them feel guilty to be even a man. and while they are feeling guilty of being a man, they can’t even express it to anyone. If they talk about their issues they are ridiculed at. The epidemic of loneliness is so high in India that dating applications have discovered a new market of greed which flourishes by exploiting men and their loneliness.

A study reported by WHO  said that India is the most depressed country of the world(for more information click here) and it’s also widely known that the majority of people who suffer from depression, stress and loneliness are men.

These dating apps especially target the loneliness which resides inside men, using artificial bots to talk with men to provide them with emotional support with a promise of getting romantic with these men.

And for these psychological compassion  men must first shell money to buy their membership, after that they pay for it, then the women will force these men to make further purchases and then they would either block them or blackmail them(for more information click here and here ).

And the source of their misery is how abandoned they feel, most men desire positive attention while women often are drowned in it

This is the world we live in, where Men quietly fall down the crevice of our society and become invisible to the public whereas women often suffer from the intense burns of unwanted horrendous attention.

Most men will spend their entire life feeling as if no one desires them whilst women are often desired so much that people start treating them like objects.

And I am sure that so many women have a desire to not be seen.

While men are crying their hearts out just to be seen.

Women working, not only in India but all over the world face innumerable stereotypes but still come out strong. 

The stereotypical Indian society has again and again tried to suppress women by stating that women are meant to stay at home. They are meant to cook food, do the dishes, wash the clothes, take up the responsibility of keeping the house clean and disciplining the kids. These statements have been made to a lot of women since they were just young girls wanting an education. A lot of Indian girls are denied to be educated by their families because of these so called responsibilities. 

Even when a girl gets the opportunity to get education and start her own career, she faces more issues in her workplace which affects their mental and physical state. Women secretaries are forced into doing over time and still are not paid enough for their efforts, not only secretaries but women in general are not paid enough for the efforts they put in and are not appreciated of their work. They are not given credits for the work they have done. Men on the other hand are given promotions easily, have very well salaries and are given credit for their work. Men also at times are appreciated for work they have not even done themselves. 

Gender stereotypes continue to creat problems in the progress of careers for women. These stereotypes negatively affect the availability of opportunities for women and their progress in their respective workplaces. Gender discrimination based on gender stereotypes continue to exist despite the many policies to increase gender equality. Gender stereotypes are considered to be a huge issue in the career progress of women in managerial positions. Though an improvement has occurred, with increasing numbers of women acquiring various management positions in the workplace, women continue to face high levels of pressure from their jobs which constantly affect their self confidence as well as mental state. Women get demotivated and demoralised in their workplaces constantly due to the gender specific behaviours.

Negative beliefs in these organisational workplaces about women’s performance and skills may negatively affect their aspiration for career advancement. Women choose not to apply to challenging and leadership roles due to the criticism they might face and also as they fear that they lack the ability to be able to pull off such roles without any complications. 

The challenges women face due to gender stereotypes can be devastating. For example, Singh and Sebastian (2018) in their state-wide study of Gujarat, India found that women opting for entrepreneurship is because the business occupations were previously of their fathers and kinfolk. The process of their inclusion into the family enterprise is a matter of birth, not choice; and despite the exposure of these women to business practices, as women, they are not regarded as potential successors in business. Moreover, the traditional attitude poses a threat to the career progressions of women because they are not allowed to seek work outside the household or interact with persons outside the family. Such patriarchal culture produces masculine working environment, where women managers tend to idealise ‘men as managers, managers as men’ and women managers become part of patriarchal working culture.

Gender is something other and much more than sex. It bespeaks a social polarity that is fundamental and in no two places the same. What a man cannot or must do is different from valley to valley. Social-Science Sexism

Gender is not confined to the present, to the actions and tools that sustain life in the present of any historical period. Each culture also assigns some tasks to men and others to women when it celebrates its own past. 

Women prepare the sausage and men salt the lard. But  only women beyond their menopause can pick up salted pork from the larder, a few miles down the road not even they may trespass into this male space. Each village does its own dance to the tune of its own regional music.

local men’s club, which functions as a material witness to the gulf that exists between men’s and women’s space. The wine shops, the circles that prepare the carnival, the sunny benches on the church square are clearly men’s domains. Alone, the oldest man of the household clears with a special sickle the access to the field that will be harvested the next day. Though public space and men’s domain are by no means synonymous, in Provence, in physical extension, they tend to coincide.

As long as the gender divide sets the pattern and the tone, this identifiable community will continue to survive. Various terms have been coined to designate such a commitment to a normative code that has been sanctioned by the proof of survival.

Probity kept people acting according to their gender, down to the minutest details. For example, when guests came to the house, the woman had to fetch the glasses, prepare the salad, bring the wine, and listen to every word said without seeming curious and without getting involved in the conversation. This was expected of her; being one of the women, she was able to make known, in ways that are more powerful than the straight speech of men, what was in the interest of the household.

The woman acts in solidarity with the house, and without being dishonoured can say and do things that would never be forgiven of the man. Honour demands that she act as a screen for stolen goods; that she fight off the tax collector; that she threaten with revenge those who would bear witness against members of the household.

A notion called the sex role*^ has become very popular during the last fifteen years. Games people play, scientific treatises, pedagogical methods, and political rhetoric are all built on the assumption of its existence. Concern with sex roles seems to rise with GNP. In rich countries, how to choose, assume, and transmit sex roles has become a major worry for many people. Sociological role theory is a much more stubborn obstacle to the analysis of gender than the newly fabricated concepts of socio-biology. However, any recourse to role concepts will blind one to the perception of gender in speech as well as in action.

FEMININE SUBORDINATION

Many of the studies on differences between men and women outside industrial society made during the first half of the seventies infer that the lack of publicly recognized power and authority for women is a sign of their gender.Press does a little of both in somewhat different ways for middle-class viewers and for working-class ones. For the middle class, it drives home the dominant representations of women in contemporary culture while also serving as a cultural reservoir of images of feminist power. For working-class women, it proposes a middle-class life-style as normal and normative, while provoking a certain moral indignation among these viewers over the manner in which television women manipulate the patriarchal system by means of sexuality and weakness. Although occupational segregation is declining, 31% of all women in the labor force can still be found in only three occupations: teacher, nurse, and secretary. Also it is important that women more often work in “open-floor” jobs-subject to greater scrutiny and therefore greater control-while men more often work behind closed doors; higher status is linked to the greater control of one’s own space

For example

When women and men do not share the same workplace, women do not receive information that can be translated into higher status-in the form of higher wages.

BY- MRUGA SHAH, AND RIA ITAGI

                                                                   By Om Panchal and Devanshi Prajapati

The construction industry is the second largest industry in India after the agricultural industry. When we think about the construction industry a group of men comes to our mind. The stereotypical image of a construction worker is a strong man, covered in grime, wearing hard headgear. But this is the reality?

          No matter how we look at it, but there are so many women who has been underrepresented in the construction industry. Women currently make about half of the total working population. Construction industry is facing the employment crisis. It is the industry which is just not for a men. To meet the increasing demand of skilled construction worker are more and more women. There are numbers of female entering construction related programs.

          If we grew up in India doesn’t t matter which state  and city but we have seen women who work in construction site at railway tracks, airports, building roads, and office. After seen them one question is come in our mind that how these skeletal women doing physical labor and taking care of their children at the same time?

               According to the report by Reuters, about 20 percent of India’s 40 million construction workers are women. Women who work at construction field work really hard despite that they face serious problem like wage discrimination, gender and sexual harassment, unhealthy job relationship, and lower wages.

• Wage Discrimination

         Government fixed the wages for skilled and unskilled labors at private and public sector per hour. But contractor of construction site negotiate the wages. Male got more wage than women it indicate gender biasness. Women who work at construction site said that contractor paid them Rs. 80 per day at the same time he paid Rs. 100 per day to the men.

       If women have same skill as men have still women face discrimination. According to a Josrjournals study they found that in 15 minutes about 55 bundles, each weighing 7.8 Kg. passed through the hands of women. In an 8 hour shift 32,000 Kg. Would have passed through a women worker’s hands.

        Women work as hard as men but still they are victim of discrimination. In fact women have to take care of their children and other work but still people don’t consider them.

• Gender bias in construction sector

       Half of the construction workers in India semi skilled and unskilled including men and women both. But majority women are employed as unskilled labors. Women performed various unskilled work like cleaning the building site, carrying the bricks, morter and water up to the skilled carpenters and masons. Irrespective number of tears they worked women are not upgraded from unskilled to skilled as men. The anti women attitude of men at work site make complicate culture for women. Women live very tough life and they do not enjoy equality of social justice and status which they actually deserve.

• Sexual Harassment at work place

      Sexual harassment is a serious problem for female construction workers. Studies also reveled that insecure nature of employment create a trape in which women are forced to please a subcontractor to get a work. It is evident that majority of women are young between the age of 16-40 years at construction site. Women in these age group are able to do hard work and they are harassed by the contractor. Contractors always prefer to employee younger women whom they may exploit sexually. Contractors promised women to give them regular wages and 20 percent extra for next whole year. Women are exploit by contractor economically and sexually that’s why some women have to leave their jobs.

       About 46 percent of women who don’t want to work at construction site because of harassment but they have to work for some reasons as they are widow or abandoned by their husbands, or if husband is there he is either drunk or unemployed therefore to support the children and complete some need of family women have to work at construction site. Only 4 percent of the female workers join the jobs at construction site with their own choice.

• Health hazard

      The women workers going through gender based discrimination, sexual harassment to health hazards, physical problems, headache and other outcomes because they don’t have any sanitation facility at work place. Female and male both work to gather and due to free mixing with the male co-workers women might got sexually transmitted disease.

         Here is the story of one women who work at construction site. Kamlesh, 30 year old women told her story. She work with her husband in Delhi. In starting she was really exited to leave her draught prone village, but after sometime she realized that her new life wouldn’t be any better. She reveled, ” I didn’t realize how low the pay would be, how we would be living. Men always complain that we women are weak and don’t work fast enough, but that is not the truth. We work as hard as men.”

         The research of Priya Deshingkar shown that there are so many harassment on women by agent. They want to touch women, they making a comment on women. Women are in conflict because they constantly harassed by agents but they can’t tell their husbands about this because women fill that their husbands will punish them for behaving in a way that attracts this type of attention.

        Now this is the time that we have to change our mindset. Because when we talk about construction site the picture of men come to our mind but that is not the truth.

Women’s studies over the past few decades have based their attention on the role of media in influencing people’s perceptions and social behaviours. The role of men and the characteristic of masculinity has been considered the standard, and the representation of men in the media is seen as unproblematic and exemplary in most instances. In such a case, it becomes incredibly important not to figure out how to play the role. For instance actors like Hrithik Roshan and John Abraham had muscular carved bodies whereas others like Salman khan or Saif Ali Khan worked relevant to get those bodies to stay relevant and be acceptable to society. Going hairless also became popular as metrosexuality became fashionable in India without really disturbing the ethics of masculinity.And what has happened is that Bollywood has propagated unrealistic ideas of what the body of a man should look like, and it is not appropriate to do something more or less. That is needed. Isn’t it time that the industry took on some responsibility and began to contribute to the various discourses regarding gender fluidity and body positivity by presenting and popularizing bodies outside the reach of what is conventionally considered acceptable?Source- Times of India
One statement might be that many Indian women prefer the ideal muscle body but then Bollywood hasn’t developed that idea yet again? Hasn’t the propagation of Homogeneity in regard to the body type tricked the viewer into appreciating only one specific type of body and thereby ignoring the “other” completely? There was a certain kind of charm being a desi boy which has vanished completely with the revolution of films. Popular sequels of dabangg also show portrayal of men as macho and muscular. This is directly or indirectly cultivating a particular men’s image and if men do not make up to that mark or have all the qualities they are considered not manly enough. More over the male actors in films are adored more for their physical features than their acting skills which is very ill mentality blooming in society.

Bollywood shows the hero as strong muscular but never show them as vulnerable or weak or sensitive. The young side of Bollywood is making gender sensitive films. Ayushmann Khurrana is the one actor that is trying to bring change to these stereotypes with films he does like Bala, Subh Mangal Zyada Shavdhan, Andhadundh and many more. Ayushmann did a collaboration with “The Men Company” and featured in a video titled “What Makes You A True Gentleman” in which he talked about breaking stereotypes related to men.
https://www.instagram.com/tv/B4tq6bKgbMO/?igshid=10to5e76jdx4d

One fine evening I was spending my time with my family, watching Zee cine awards 2020 and a segment caught my attention. The segment was called Sara ka Saara Khulasa in which young actress Sara Ali Khan mocks male actors for their films. Sara mocks Ayushmann by calling all his films are male centric and Ayushmann only does films related to Man’s problems.

Source – amarujala.com

Even though the show was scripted but such segments shows irresponsibility towards the gender issues of our society. Bollywood showing its two sides one which produces films like Ek Ladki Ko Dekha Toh Aisa Laga, Bala, Chappak , Thapad which focuses on gender issues and the other side reinforces the stereotype on the society.

By Rushiraj Panchal.